Implementing a Wizard of Oz Tool for Augmented Reality

This thesis aims to explore Wizard of Oz testing in conjunction with Augmented Reality (AR) and focus has been put on testing AR with Head Mounted Displays. The recent increase of interest in HMDs with products such as MOD Live from Recon Instruments and Google's Project Glass puts new demands and possibilities on human-computer interaction. Since the commercial market for HMDs is still in its infancy the need to explore different design approaches is very much present. One way to conduct experiments on human-machine interaction is with the help of a Wizard of Oz tool. During the thesis we have developed such a tool to support designers in researching usability and interaction. The tool provides a user friendly framework to carry out user case studies focused on AR with HMDs. After input and feedback from stakeholders and experts we believe that, even though the tool is mainly meant to be used in conjunction with AR in HMDs, the tool can be applied to other areas as well

Kiri tundmatule

Hecker, Friedrich, 1763-1821, arst, prof. Erfurtis ja BerliinisSoovib, et talle üht kindlat väljaannet alates 1805.a. regulaarselt saadetaks

Refinement checking on parametric modal transition systems

Modal transition systems (MTS) is a well-studied specification formalism of reactive systems supporting a step-wise refinement methodology. Despite its many advantages, the formalism as well as its currently known extensions are incapable of expressing some practically needed aspects in the refinement process like exclusive, conditional and persistent choices. We introduce a new model called parametric modal transition systems (PMTS) together with a general modal refinement notion that overcomes many of the limitations. We investigate the computational complexity of modal and thorough refinement checking on PMTS and its subclasses and provide a direct encoding of the modal refinement problem into quantified Boolean formulae, allowing us to employ state-of-the-art QBF solvers for modal refinement checking. The experiments we report on show that the feasibility of refinement checking is more influenced by the degree of nondeterminism rather than by the syntactic restrictions on the types of formulae allowed in the description of the PMTS

Novel Multi-layer Wiring Build-up using Electrochemical Pattern Replication (ECPR)

Abstract This paper discloses a novel, high accuracy and low cost integration method based on an Electrochemcial Pattern Replication (ECPR) technology for multi-level stacking applications such as integrated passives, multi-level redistribution layers and top level IC interconnect structures. It is demonstrated how a first copper layer is coated with BCB (Bisbenzocyclobutene), which is planarized with CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) to uncover the first layer, where after a second patterned copper layer is fabricated with ECPR. This approach shows the feasibility of fabricating highly accurate multi-level wiring layers and still avoiding the issues related to increasing topography, which are particularly severe for thick metal layers. In addition, the constraints for the dielectric material is significantly reduced, since it does not have to be photosensitive or planarizing, which in turn opens up for the use of alternative dielectric materials, which may have better electrical and physical properties, that have not been usable with the traditional multi-level fabrication methods. Introduction The integration of more and more complex functions such as wireless communication capabilities on chips or packages puts new demands on the manufacturing methods for top metal layers. High density interconnects and integrated passives require a combination of resolution, accuracy, thickness uniformity typically offered only by dual damascene processes. At the same time there is a need for thicker metal, high deposition rates and low cost per layer, which is typically offered only by through mask plating processes. These combined requirements are difficult to address by most existing methods of today. The increasing demand for further miniaturization and functionality for electronic systems, particularly for mobile and wireless applications, has been driving the trend of fabricating multi-layer wiring, such as integrated passives and redistribution layers for Wafer Level Packaging (WLP) applications Particular for above-IC integrated passives and Integrated passive devices (IPDs) there has been a trend of fabricating thicker metal (copper circuits) since it lowers the series resistance of the devices, which in turn results in better performance (e.g higher capacitance or inductance value per area

Immunophenotyping of Circulating and Intratumoral Myeloid and T Cells in Glioblastoma Patients

Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary brain malignancy that almost inevitably recurs as therapy-refractory cancer. While the success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) revealed the immense potential of immune-targeted therapies in several types of cancers outside the central nervous system, it failed to show objective responses in glioblastoma patients as of now. The ability of glioblastoma cells to drive multiple modes of T cell dysfunction while exhibiting low-quality neoepitopes, low-mutational load, and poor antigen priming limits anti-tumor immunity and efficacy of antigen-unspecific immunotherapies such as ICB. An in-depth understanding of the GBM immune landscape is essential to delineate and reprogram such immunosuppressive circuits during disease progression. In this view, the present study aimed to characterize the peripheral and intratumoral immune compartments of 35 glioblastoma patients compared to age- and sex-matched healthy control probands, particularly focusing on exhaustion signatures on myeloid and T cell subsets. Compared to healthy control participants, different immune signatures were already found in the peripheral circulation, partially related to the steroid medication the patients received. Intratumoral CD4+ and CD8+ TEM cells (CD62Llow/CD45ROhigh) revealed a high expression of PD1, which was also increased on intratumoral, pro-tumorigenic macrophages/microglia. Histopathological analysis further identified high PSGL-1 expression levels of the latter, which has recently been linked to increased metastasis in melanoma and colon cancer via P-selectin-mediated platelet activation. Overall, the present study comprises immunophenotyping of a patient cohort to give implications for eligible immunotherapeutic targets in neurooncology in the future

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Civilrätten vid finansiell leasing : en översikt över svensk, utländsk och internationell rätt

Juridikbok.seCC-BY-NC 4.0</p

On inelastic local flange buckling

This thesis deals with inelastic local buckling of I-beam flanges made of steel. The main focus is on the theoretical description of the buckling process, and the influence of various parameters, e.g. the plastic modulus, yield plateau, yield stress etc., on the buckling process. In the thesis, discussion on the relevancy of different constitutive models for the inelastic behaviour of steel are discussed, and a theoretical model for the inelastic local flange buckling is presented. In the theoretical models of the inelastic local buckling problem presented in the past, there has been quite some confusion about what constitutive model is applicable. The incremental theory has been applied by some, the deformation theory of plasticity has been used by others also relatively recently, and the theory of Lay has been used by others. In this thesis, it is concluded that the incremental theory of plasticity based on an isotropically hardening von Mises yield surface in combination with the associated flow rule is applicable for the modelling of inelastic local flange buckling. The theory of Lay is concluded nonvalid. A simple slip plane theory which in distinction to the mathematical theory of plasticity is based on the physical mechanism of plastic deformation, and in its present form valid for a subspace of stress containing shear and normal stress, has been developed in the thesis. This slip plane theory is in good agreement with the incremental theory of plasticity. For the modelling of the flange buckling, the buckling process is assumed to consist of three phases without any distinct borders in between. The first phase is considered related to mainly torsional deformations and can hence be seen as a torsional buckling phase. The second phase is associated with progressively lesser shear stiffness of the material and plate bending is introduced. In the third phase, the shear stiffness is wiped out and plate bending is assumed to resist the buckling entirely. The first phase is modelled as the inelastic torsional buckling of a thin plate, restrained so as to avoid any other instability mode. This includes the description of the inelastic torsion of a thin plate. For that purpose, the plate is assumed to be composed of an infinite number of rectangular hollow cross sections. This first phase mainly governs the buckling stress and the ductility of the flange. Herein, the term ductility is used for deformation capacity in general, and hence by ductility of a compressed flange is ment the amount of axial shortening during which the flange is able to resist a compressive mean stress equal to or exceeding the yield stress. The second phase is not considered in the modelling. Instead, the first phase is directly followed by the third phase in the model. In this third phase, the flange buckle is considered as a yield line mechanism. In this yield line buckle model, the effect of stress redistribution is accounted for. The two models are linked together to a unified model and hence this model is able to approximately describe the mean stress-mean strain relation of a locally buckling flange. Using this model, a parametric study is performed in order to investigate the dependence of the flange buckling behaviour on various parameters. It is concluded that parameters like the plastic modulus, length of yield plateau, initial imperfections, and residual stresses have only a relatively moderate effect on the buckling process. Quite naturally, the parameters that has the most effect on the buckling behaviour is the width to thickness ratio and the yield stress. However, according to the procedure in the codes, these parameters are combined in the definition of a so called slenderness parameter, defined as the square root of the yield stress over the critical stress. Hence this parameter is in the codes assumed as the only governing parameter with respect to local buckling. The parameter study however reveals this approach as not entirely correct. From the theoretical model, it seems like this approach is unfavourable to high strength steel. In order to verify the conclusions from the theoretical modelling, experiments were made on crusiform stub columns. In all 22 specimen were compressed and the specimen were made of two materials, namely Weldox 700, with a nominal lower yield strength of 700 MPa and hence representing high strength steel, and SS 1312, with a nominal lower yield strength of 220 MPa thereby representing the ordinary steel grades. Hence for each material 11 stub columns with varying slenderness with respect to flange buckling were tested. The experimental results agreed fairly well with the results from the theoretical model.Godkänd; 1995; 20070426 (ysko